06/A410
Efectos del estrés abiótico sobre el cuaje y la producción en cultivares de poroto para chaucha.
Effects of abiotic stress on pod set and production in several cultivars of snap bean.
Director: LOYOLA, Pablo Fernando
Correo Electrónico: ployola@fca.uncu.edu.ar
Co-Director: QUIROGA, Andrea Mariela
Integrantes: GALMARINI, Claudio Rómulo; FOSCHI, María Laura; OCCHIUTO, Patricia Noemí; CALDERON, Guillermo; MARTINOTTI, Marcelo Diego; GIACCAGLIA, Rocío Belén; CARRASCO, Sebastián; MOLINA, Natalia Paz.
Resumen Técnico: El poroto para grano seco es el principal cultivo hortícola del país. La producción de poroto para chaucha se concentra en la región andina bajo riego y alrededor de los cinturones hortícolas de grandes urbes. Las principales especies que se cultivan para este destino son: Phaseolus vulgaris y P. lunatus. En ambas especies se presentan problemas de cuaje. Este problema ha sido poco estudiado en poroto para chaucha, producción de gran importancia para la horticultura cuyana. En este trabajo se propone: Evaluar en experimentos conducidos con y sin restricción hídrica, los efectos de estrés hídrico, alternancia de temperaturas y aplicaciones de inhibidores de acción de etileno, sobre parámetros fisiológicos que influencian el cuaje y por consiguiente influyen en la producción cuali-cuantitativa del poroto.
Summary: Horticulture is an important activity in Cuyo, cultivars with good agronomical behavior and excellent organoleptic characteristics are required. Several studies have been conducted with snap beans in order to understand the factors that limit pod set. In almost all Phaseoulus species there are fruit set problems, probably due to a low percentage of differentiated flowers. There are few studies regarding fruit set in dry beans but almost any published related to snap bean, an important regional vegetable crop. This plant has high nutrient requirements, is very sensible to climatic factors, such as: soil humidity, temperatures, winds and it is affected by several diseases and plagues. Temperature during flowering limits fruit-set and also restricts the potential yield. In previous studies it was noted that low temperatures affects the relative growth rate, as a consequence of lower specific leaf area, foliar expansion and growth, that results in a minor final photosynthesis. Another abiotic factor that affect yield in bean is water stress. Long periods of water stress during flowering reduce the number of pods and seeds per pod. In dry bean water stress during pre-flowering could diminish yields in approximate 53%, during flowering in a 71% and in 35% during grain formation. The effect of this stress depends on cultivar, intensity, moment and length. The aim of the present project is to evaluate, the influence of water stress, low temperatures and growth regulators that inhibited ethylene, on physiological parameters that influence pod set in snap bean.